Tuesday 12 February 2019

Old Age and the Fear of the Poor House in early Ontario



In an era of government old-age pensions, health insurance and other societal supports for the elderly, it is easy to forget how vulnerable the elderly poor were a hundred years ago in Canadian society. A case in point is that of Gordon’s grandparents James and Elizabeth Irvine, both born in Scotland in 1832 and both of whom emigrated to Canada as young people.  James, who never learned to read or write, worked with his father William on land they cleared in Fullarton Township west of Stratford Ontario.
The land was registered in William’s name and when William died he left his property - not to James - but James’ oldest son William. When the grandson William died prematurely in 1910 his parents both of whom were in their late 70’s had to leave the farm. They moved, along with their granddaughter Viola into Mitchell where they lived in the white frame house pictured above.
Three years later Viola married Ferg Levy a young businessman in the town. Ferg and Viola moved into Ferg’s large brick house on the main street. Viola’s grandparents continued to live in the frame house but it soon became obvious that they were unable to cope on their own. Grandmother Elizabeth went to live with Viola  (see attached photo of Grandma and granddaughter) while Grandpa James stayed behind in the frame house. I imagine that Grandfather James had few cooking and housekeeping skills. Moreover, he was lonely, old and ill. In a letter to her youngest daughter Rubina written in 1918, Grandmother Elizabeth who was living with Viola expresses concern that her husband might have to go to the “poor house” a fact that would shame them all. Here is a portion of that letter.  I don’t know how Grandfather James got through the winter of 1918-19. He died the next summer. He is buried along with his wife and his youngest son in the Presbyterian Cemetery in Mitchell, Ontario.


Wednesday 25 July 2018

Charlie Ballantyne's new Chevrolet Touring car

In the previous blog I posted a photograph taken in 1918 of Charlie and Allie Ballantyne standing proudly in front of their new Dodge Chevrolet Touring car. While I use both names in reference to the car I am sure that the reality was that the car "belonged" to Charlie. Alice never learned to drive and Charlie took complete responsibility for the upkeep and maintenance of the vehicle.   Here is a story as told by Gordon McEwan, that speaks to Charlie's relationship with his car.  When the story begins Charlie and Alice had a hired man named Eddie Dietrich who lived in the community. " One day Charlie and Eddie were washing the family car, a very early Dodge.  Cars were objects that were few and far between and therefore, objects of great pride.  Just when they were finished, the car began to back down the grade that led to the garage.  Shouting for Eddie to help, Charlie threw himself behind the car and held while red
spots danced before his eyes.  Before Alice could get out to put on the emergency brake, the car's speed backwards began to increase and the wary Eddie leaped for safety, leaving Charlie the car to himself. Now the car got out of control, Charlie barely got out of its road and he saw the fender of his new purchase buckle against a post. Eddie who had been watching the proceedings at a safe distance now poked his head around the car to ascertain Charlies's position.  Seeing the face of the object whom he considered to be the cause of the happening, Charlie rid himself of some frustration by landing a round house right which sent poor Eddie head over heels down the slope.  "No sooner had I done it," Charlie admitted later, "but I was sorry that I had taken it out on poor Eddie!"
Attached is a copy of Charlie's 1920 motor vehicle permit for the Dodge Chevrolet. In the second photo a group of relatives is standing in front of another car in about the year 1912 (Tom the boy standing in front of his mother was born in 1901). The owner of the car shown in the photograph is uncertain but my guess is that it may have belonged to Charlie's nephew Frank Ballantyne (the fellow on the left holding the camera).

Charlie Ballantyne's 1918 Chevrolet Touring Car



Charlie Ballantyne was married to Gordon's Aunt Alice.  Charlie and Alice who farmed on Lot 21 Concession 3 in Downie Township close to the McEwan farm had no children and they were reputed to be wealthy.  In April 1918 Charlie purchased his first motor vehicle, a Dodge Chevrolet Touring car which he ordered through Kalfleisch Brothers dealership in Stratford.   Built at the Dodge Brothers factory in Detroit, Charlie's new car was to be delivered a month after being ordered. The company offered a 90 day warranty on defective parts.  However, the warranty would only be honoured if the owner prepaid the transportation charges and if the vehicle had not be driven at a "speed exceeding the factory rated speed, or loaded beyond the factory rated load capacity." Furthermore the company offered "no warranty whatever in respect to tires, rims, ignition apparatus, horns or other signaling devices, starting devices, generators, batteries, speedometers, or other trade accessories".  It is not clear how much Charlie paid for his new Chevrolet.  There are two order forms: on the first form the price is listed as $1290.00 plus $20.00 freight charges, whereas on the second order form  (which I have attached) the price appears to be $840.00. There is also a receipt dated May 21, 1918 for the amount of $1267.28 which may have been the final negotiated price. Regardless, I am sure that Charlie was proud of his new purchase and, equally important, the Ballantyne car was much admired in the community. Here is a photograph taken at the Peter Smith farm of Alice and Charlie with their new car.  Underneath the photo Alice has written "Alice and Charlie Ballantyne. Our first car."

Saturday 14 April 2018

David McLean the final letter home


I have discovered that David's family letters are available through the Letters & Images Project located at Vancouver Island University's history department (www.canadianletters.ca). Because we know what is coming there is an increased poignancy to Dave's last letter to Lettie:
 France
April 5th
Dear Lettie
I received your letter dated March 10th tonight. Glad to hear that you were well. I wrote you a few days ago saying I had received the box which you sent away March 8th but I have not received the one you sent March 1st yet. Alex said he was sending a box so I will have it some of these days. I had a letter from Alf Gillam to night so must answer it to night. I was glad to hear that you have every(thing) paid up so you can put what you have over in the bank to see when I came back. We have been having some cold wet and snowy weather but today has been fine and sunny so it looks as if the weather has turned fine. We are out of the trenches at present so thought I would write you a few line before going back again. I did not know until today when Easter Sunday was for I did not think it was so near and this is Good Friday but I don't think I will have any eggs this Easter but hope to make up for it next one. I bought a quart of milk the other night. I drank half of it and I boiled the other half and bought three eggs which I paid six cents each for and boiled them in the milk so made a fine custard but it was rather dear for all the wealth I have but it was the second time I have tasted milk since coming to France. There is very seldom we are where we can buy milk. About the only things we can buy at times is biscuits and chocolate. I may not write a letter to you for some time but will try and send you a field card when I can. Hope you and George are always keeping well. You were asking me what to send in your boxes, well don't go to any expense getting boxes for me but don't send anything that isn't for eating. But I am getting along all right so don't worry about me. I have a few boils in the back of my neck just now to amuse me. I suppose I need some spring medicine. Well I will close this time. Hoping you are well. With lots of love from
Dave

Here is the final letter in the series:
July 6, 1917
Personal
Dear Mrs. McLean,
I desire to express to you my sincere sympathy in the recent decease of your husband, No. 799658 Pte. David McLean.
Who in sacrificing his life at the front in action with the enemy, has rendered the highest services of a worthy citizen.
The heavy loss which you and the Nation have sustained would indeed be dressing were it not redeemed by the knowledge that the brave comrade for whom we mourn performed his duties fearlessly and well as become a good soldier, and gave his life for the great cause of Human Liberty and the defense of the Empire.
Again extending to you in your bereavement my condolence and heartfelt sympathy.
I am
Yours faithfully,
E.A. Kemp
Minister of Militia and Defence for Canada

I have attached two photos of David, his friend Thomas Grant,  and some of their mates taken in France shortly before their deaths.  In the top photo David is sitting in the front row left, his friend Tom is standing immediately behind.  In the second photo Dave is sitting far right. Tom Grant is in the row behind immediately to Dave's right. 

Vimy Ridge - Thomas Grant (friend of David McLean)





In a recent blog I told the story of David McLean who was married to Bob Hearn's cousin Lettie Vanstone. David was killed at Vimy Ridge as he sheltered in a dugout with his friend Tom Grant. The two men, both native born Scots, lived on the same street in Toronto. They had enlisted together, trained together and remained in the same regiment in Europe. They had made a pact that if one was to die the other would write home breaking the news to the widow. In the shell attack that killed David McLean his friend Tom was not seriously injured.  True to his word Tom wrote home to Lettie Mclean telling her of David’s death.   I wondered in the blog how Tom carried on after the death of his friend and whether he survived the war.  I now have discovered that Tom Grant was killed on 15 August 2012 during an attack on Hill 70. I
have attached a newspaper notice of his death and the reverse side of his Record of Service card. Of course there was no one to write home to his widow.  Thomas Pringle Grant's name is inscribed on the Vimy Memorial.